Inhibitory effects of extracts from Moutan Cortex on formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in vitro and specificity screening of its potential active components / 中国中药杂志

In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)/methylglyoxal (MGO) non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction system was used for the evaluation of the inhibitory effects of Moutan Cortex extracts on the formation of AGEs. The HPLC-LC-ESI-MS/MS technology was adopted to test and indentify active components in Moutan Cortex against AGEs formation. The different concentrations of extracts (crude herb concentration 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 g•L⁻¹) from Moutan Cortexwas determined by fluorospectrophotometry, indicating an activity against AGEs formation in different concentrations of extracts, the inhibition ratio were (36.2±5.3)%, (43.5±6.2)%, (55.4±7.8)%, (68.6±6.7)%, (70.4±8.2)%, respectively after 6-day reaction in a dose dependent manner. Besides, the forming speed of AGEs tended to be steady after 24 h reaction. The HPLC technology was used to analyze chromatograms before and after the incubation of Moutan Cortex and methylglyoxal, identify changes in five chromatographic peaks and show decrease or increase in chromatographic peaks. These substances were trigalloyl glucose, tetragalloyl glucose, galloylpaeoniflorin, hexagalloyl glucose and benzoylpaeoniflorin after LC-ESI-MS/MS identification. Extracts from Moutan Cortex showed the remarkable inhibitory effects against formation of AGEs in BSA/glucose system. Furthermore, these potential active components might be associated with the efficacy of Moutan Cortex on treatment of diabetic nephropathy, which enriches basic studies for Moutan Cortex and provides ideas and reference basis for subsequent studies.

Protective effects and mechanism of glycosides/phenol component of Moutan Cortex on renal injury of diabetic nephropathy rats / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the protective effects of glycosides/phenol component of Moutan Cortex (MC) on renal injury of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats based on renal function parameters and histopathological examinations(HE staining and transmission electron microscope),and explore its possible mechanism by establishing DN rat models induced by high-sugar high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ). The results showed that compared with the model group, the MC glycosides/phenol component high and low dose groups(0.808, 0.404 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹) could significantly improve serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine protein and other abnormal renal function parameters. HE staining and transmission electron microscope results showed thickening of glomerular basement membrane, proliferation of mesangial cells and damages of podocyte structure in major rats of model group. However, the intervention of glycosides/phenol component of MC could effectively protect the glomerular injury. To explore its possible mechanism, the expressions of TGF-β1, fibronectin (FN) and collagen Ⅳ in renal tissues of rats in each group were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical assay, and the phosphorylation levels of downstream effect factors (Smad2/3, p38MARK) of TGF-β1 were detected. The results showed that glycosides/phenol component of MC could effectively antagonize the activity of TGF-β1, lower the expressions of fibronectin (FN) and collagen Ⅳ inextracellular matrix (ECM), and resist against the thickening of glomerular basement membrane. More importantly, its protective effect on renal injury in DN rats may be associated with interfering the conduction of Smad, MARK pathways and resisting against the TGF-β1-induced ECM accumulation.

MicroRNA-126 inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cell line A549

OBJECTIVE@#To study the role of microRNA-126 in the development of lung cancer.@*METHODS@#The biological function of microRNA-126 was detected using EdU assay and CCK-8 assay; the target gene of microRNA-126 was analyzed using real time RT-PCR and Western blot assay.@*RESULTS@#In A549 cell line, overexpression of microRNA-126 inhibits the proliferation rate; VEGF is the target gene of microRNA-126; microRNA-126 exerts its function via regulating VEGF protein level.@*CONCLUSIONS@#microRNA-126 inhibits the proliferation in A549 cell line.

Effect of different composition structures of total paeony glycoside component and total phenolic acid component of Chuanxiong Rhizome on human umbilical vein endothelial cells with hypoxic injury / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of different composition structures of total paeony glycoside (TPG) component and total phenolic acid of Ligusticum chuanxiong ( TLPA) on sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) -induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) hypoxic injury. The baseline geometric proportion was used to design different components structure. And then the best structure of components by cell injury model were optimized.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A HUVEC hypoxic injury model was established by being induced of Na2S2O4. Cell viability was measured by MTI colorimetric method, intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) levels, nitric oxide (NO) contents were measured by kits. At last, Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of two proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, TPG component, TLPA component at different composition structures can significantly increase SOD activity and decrease MDA, LDH, NO levels (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Chuanxiong Rhizoma components can downregulate the expression of Bax protein and upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein. The ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax was significantly increased (P < 0 01, P < 0 05), it means that cell apoptosis was inhibited. The results indicate that among all the component composition structures, TPG and TLPA component at the proportion of 8: 2 had the best protection on hypoxic injury of endothelial cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TPG component and TLPA component can resist HUVEC hypoxia injury, the protective effect was the most evident under the structure of 8: 2, which may be due to the inhibition of intracellular lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.</p>

MicroRNA-126 inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cell line A549

Objective: To study the role of microRNA-126 in the development of lung cancer. Methods: The biological function of microRNA-126 was detected using EdU assay and CCK-8 assay; the target gene of microRNA-126 was analyzed using real time RT-PCR and Western blot assay. Results: In A549 cell line, overexpression of microRNA-126 inhibits the proliferation rate; VEGF is the target gene of microRNA-126; microRNA-126 exerts its function via regulating VEGF protein level. Conclusions: microRNA-126 inhibits the proliferation in A549 cell line.

Establishment of prescription research technology system in Chinese medicine secondary exploitation based on "component structure" theory / 中国中药杂志

Chinese medicine prescriptions are the wisdom outcomes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical treatment determinations which based on differentiation of symptoms and signs. Chinese medicine prescriptions are also the basis of secondary exploitation of TCM. The study on prescription helps to understand the material basis of its efficacy, pharmacological mechanism, which is an important guarantee for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Currently, there is not yet dissertation n the method and technology system of basic research on the prescription of Chinese medicine. This paper focuses on how to build an effective system of prescription research technology. Based on "component structure" theory, a technology system contained four-step method that "prescription analysis, the material basis screening, the material basis of analysis and optimization and verify" was proposed. The technology system analyzes the material basis of the three levels such as Chinese medicine pieces, constituents and the compounds which could respect the overall efficacy of Chinese medicine. Ideas of prescription optimization, remodeling are introduced into the system. The technology system is the combination of the existing research and associates with new techniques and methods, which used for explore the research thought suitable for material basis research and prescription remodeling. The system provides a reference for the secondary development of traditional Chinese medicine, and industrial upgrading.

New exploration on effect of characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine components structure on multi-ingredient/component pharmacokinetics / 中国中药杂志

The study on the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is a linking science during the modernization of TCMs, and plays an important role in the studies on the complex material base of TCMs, the in vivo process of ingredient/ component and the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics correlation. However, because of the multi-ingredient/component system of TCMs, how to scientifically reveal the pharmacokinetics that is consistent with TCMs' characteristics has long been a hotspot and difficulty for the exploration. The optimal composition structure of the material basis of TCMs shows the best efficacy, while the difference between the multi-ingredient/component composition structures in the efficacy is closely related to their absorption, transport, metabolism and excretion in vivo. In this article, the authors systematically review the study methods for pharmacokinetics of TCMs and their compounds, and explore the pharmacokinetics of TCMs based on the "component structure theory". As a result, the method for integrating TCM component structure and the TCM pharmacokinetics was proposed to be adopted to intensively study the effect of the component structure on the in vivo TCM multi-ingredient/component pharmacokinetic characteristics, in order to promote the TCM modernization and innovation in China.

Effect of Moutan Cortex on AGEs-induced mesangial cell proliferation and basement membrane thickening / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Moutan Cortex on mesangial proliferation and basement membrane thickening induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The glomerular mesangial cells (MC) injury model was established by inducing by AGEs. The cell were divided into 6 groups: the blank group ( BSA, 200 mg L-1) , the model group (AGEs, 200 mg L-1), the positive control group (AG, 10 mmol L L-1), and drug administration groups, namely the Moutan Cortex-treated high-dose group (2 x 10(-4) g mL(- 1)), the Moutan Cortex-treated medium-dose group (1 x 10(-4) g mL-1 ), and the Moutan Cortex-treated low-dose group (0. 5 x 10(-4) g . mL(-1)). The MTT method was performed to observe the effect of Moutan Cortex on the proliferation of MC. The content of fibronectin (FN) and collagen secretion 1V (Col IV) in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA kits. The western blot analysis was carried out to observe the FN expression. The Real-time PCR analysis was applied to examine the Col IV mRNA expression.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>AGEs significantly increased AGEs-induced MC proliferation and FN and Col 1V secretion. The western blot analysis showed that MC could down-regulate the FN expression of MC secretion. According to the results of the real-time PCR assay, MC could down-regulate AGEs-induced MC secretion Col IV mRNA expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MC had a certain protective effect on MC cultured under AGEs conditions. MC could remarkably inhibit the composition and secretion of Col IV and FN in matrix and the basement membrane thickening, and provide an experimental basis for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.</p>

Establishment of industry promotion technology system in Chinese medicine secondary exploitation based on "component structure theory" / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of the secondary exploitation of Chinese medicine is to improve the quality of Chinese medicine products, enhance core competitiveness, for better use in clinical practice, and more effectively solve the patient suffering. Herbs, extraction, separation, refreshing, preparation and quality control are all involved in the industry promotion of Chinese medicine secondary exploitation of industrial production. The Chinese medicine quality improvement and industry promotion could be realized with the whole process of process optimization, quality control, overall processes improvement. Based on the "component structure theory", "multi-dimensional structure & process dynamic quality control system" and systematic and holistic character of Chinese medicine, impacts of whole process were discussed. Technology systems of Chinese medicine industry promotion was built to provide theoretical basis for improving the quality and efficacy of the secondary development of traditional Chinese medicine products.

Self-made Kirschner wire hook for the treatment of severe displaced proximal humeral fractures in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical efficacy of self-made Kirschner wire hook in the treatment of severely displaced proximal humerus fractures in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to February 2012,35 children with severely displaced proximal humerus fractures were treated with self-made Kirschner wire hook fixation,including 25 boys and 10 girls with an average age of 13.2 years old ranging from 5 to 17. The duration from injury to operation was 1 to 10 days with an average of 4.5 days. Preoperative diagnoses were confirmed by X-ray films as type III in 26 cases and type IV in 9 according to the Neer-Horwitz classification of the proximal humerus fractures. All fractures were close fracture without nerve or vascular injuries. Anatomical reduction was achieved by open reduction and the fractures were fixed by self-made Kirschner wire hook. Intra-operative and postoperative complications, postoperative radiographic examination, upper extremity length and range of shoulder motion were observed and recorded. Neer score system was used to evaluate shoulder function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 6 to 18 months with an average of 12.1 months. The mean Neer score of the injured side was 94.2 +/- 4.8 (ranged, 84 to 99), 30 patients got an excellent result and 5 good according to the Neer scores. The X-ray showed all the fractures healed without shortening deformity or epiphyseal arrest at early stage. There were no complications related to the implant including loosening or breakage of the self-made Kirschner wire hook. The range of shoulder motion in the injuried side was similar to the normal side, except in abductor lift. All the patients could participate in normal physical activities.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of open reduction and fixed with self-made Kirschner wire hook is a safe,effective,convenient treatment for severely displaced proximal humeral fractures in children.</p>

Essence of material base in geoherbs: specificality of constituent structure / 中国中药杂志

Geoherbs, playing an indispensable role in the protection and the treatment of disease, has been demonstrated to be the treasure in Chinese medicine clinical. Geoherbs possessed the best quality and curative effect due to their distinctive inside chemical ingredients/components. In recent years, a lot of achievements were obtained in geoherbs research on chemistry; however, there was also much confusion in existence. More and more studies revealed that the better curative effect on geoherbs was attributed to its architectural feature with steady and well-organized in unique ingredients/components constituent, but not for the characteristic single chemical ingredient. The "constituent structure theory" suggested that the material base of geoherbs consist of different components of which compatibility proportion relationship was optimal. In addition, the single active ingredients had their unique three-dimensional structure. This paper explained the peculiarity of geoherbs material base based on constituent structure theory from there layers and multi-dimensional structure to geoherbs material base research in a new way.

Research strategy and practice of "multi-dimensional structure and process dynamics quality control system" of traditional Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

The quality control is one of the key problems in the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). As TCMs have the characteristics of integrity and systematicness, their effect in disease prevention and treatment is the result of multi-component synergistic effect. Currently, the quality control of TCMs is mostly measured with a single index, which can not reflect the integrity of TCMs. As TCM components could play the role in preventing and treating diseases through multiple targets and channels, only if we expound the specific composition and structural relations among inherent components, and determine the optimum composition and structure ratio of TCMs in preventing and treating diseases and revealing their optimal efficiency, safety and stability, can we get rid of the conventional quantitative model, and realize the scientific integral quality control in a real sense. On the basis of the component structure theory, we propose "multi-dimensional structure and process dynamics quality control system" in this article, and systematically expound the optimal efficiency of TCMs, in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of TCM preparation products.

Establishment and application of "multi-dimensional structure and process dynamic quality control technology system" in preparation products of traditional Chinese medicine (I) / 中国中药杂志

Safety is an important component of the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation products, as well as an important guarantee for clinical application. Currently, the quality control of TCMs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia mostly focuses on indicative compounds for TCM efficacy. TCM preparations are associated with multiple links, from raw materials to products, and each procedure may have impacts on the safety of preparation. We make a summary and analysis on the factors impacting safety during the preparation of TCM products, and then expound the important role of the "multi-dimensional structure and process dynamic quality control technology system" in the quality safety of TCM preparations. Because the product quality of TCM preparation is closely related to the safety, the control over safety-related material basis is an important component of the product quality control of TCM preparations. The implementation of the quality control over the dynamic process of TCM preparations from raw materials to products, and the improvement of the TCM quality safety control at the microcosmic level help lay a firm foundation for the development of the modernization process of TCM preparations.

Establishment and application of "multi-dimensional structure and process dynamic quality control system" in preparation products of traditional Chinese medicine (II) / 中国中药杂志

Appropriate dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation products, improve effectively drug efficacy and reduce side effects, and also facilitate the use in clinic. In addition, it may also promote the development of the modernization of TCM. TCMs were developed to finish products which possessed suitable dosage form characteristics through multiple steps from raw herbs to preparation. In this paper, we discussed other two key technologies of "multi-dimensional structure & process dynamic quality control system": (1) The dosage form is an important factor affecting the efficacy and safety for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Therefore, the control of the quality of the formulation characteristics is more important. (2) Process dynamic quality control: the dynamic quality control in the production process is particularly critical because drugs are produced rather than testing. In this paper, the paper demonstrates the important role of the system in the quality control of TCM for strengthening the quality control of the production process of TCM preparation, and then further providing a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of TCM products.

Study on "multi-dimensional structure and process dynamics quality control system" of Danshen infusion solution based on component structure theory / 中国中药杂志

As traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation products feature complex compounds and multiple preparation processes, the implementation of quality control in line with the characteristics of TCM preparation products provides a firm guarantee for the clinical efficacy and safety of TCM preparation products. Danshen infusion solution is a preparation commonly used in clinic, but its quality control is restricted to indexes of finished products, which can not guarantee its inherent quality. Our study group has proposed "multi-dimensional structure and process dynamics quality control system" on the basis of "component structure theory", for the purpose of controlling the quality of Danshen infusion solution at multiple levels and in multiple links from the efficacy-related material basis, the safety-related material basis, the characteristics of dosage form to the preparation process. This article, we bring forth new ideas and models to the quality control of TCM preparation products.

Multi-dimensional structure quality control over Salvia miltiorrhiza injection based on component structure theory / 中国中药杂志

As the preparation process from Salvia miltiorrhiz herbs to S. miltiorrhiz injection involves complicated technology and has relatively more factors impacting quality safety, the overall quality control is required for its effectiveness and safety. On the basis of the component structure theory, and according to the material basis of S. miltiorrhiz injection, we discussed the multi-dimensional structure and process dynamic quality control technology system of the preparation, in order to achieve the quality control over the material basis with safety and effectiveness of S. miltiorrhiz injection, and provide new ideas and methods for production quality standardization of S. miltiorrhis injection.

Repair of wound on hand or foot due to electrical burn using free lateral upper arm perforator flap / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of free lateral upper arm perforator flap in repairing wound on hand or foot due to electrical burn.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six patients with full-thickness wounds on hand or foot resulting from electrical burn were hospitalized from June 2010 to June 2013. The wounds ranged from 6.0 cm ×4.0 cm to 8.5 cm×7.5 cm in area. Free lateral upper arm perforator flaps were used to repair these defects, with flap area ranging from 9 cm ×4 cm to 12 cm × 9 cm. The donor sites in five cases were closed by suturing; the other one donor site was closed by transplantation of full-thickness skin from abdomen.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One flap used to repair the wound in middle finger failed due to failure of venous return, and it was repaired with full-thickness skin harvested from abdomen after dressing change. The other five flaps survived resulting in good elasticity and matched appearance of the recipient area without obvious bulkiness. Patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months. The function of the injured hands or feet recovered well, and the results of function evaluation of five hands were excellent in 2 cases, good in 2 cases, and poor in 1 case. Little scar formation with no contraction or function impairment was observed on donor site, and the result was satisfactory.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Free lateral upper arm perforator flap, with long vessel and less adipose tissue, is suitable for repairing small but deep wound on hand or foot due to electrical burn.</p>

Effects of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine on immunological function in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine on immunological function and clinical character in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MethodsA total of 100 elderly patients with stable COPD were randomly divided into immunotherapy group (group A, n= 50) and non-immunotherapy group (group B, n= 50), and normal control group (group C, n = 50). The levels of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ , CD4+, CD8+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio), natural killer cells (NK cells), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a) were measured respectively before and after therapy. Group A and B were followed up for 1 year, then the times of acute outbreak and hospitalization of patients in the two groups were also compared. Results The levels of CD4 + ,CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cells in group A, B were significantly lower before therapy (P＜0. 05～0. 01＝, and the levels of IL-6, IL -8, TNF-a and IgA were significantly higher than in group C (P＜0. 01＝. After treatment with Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine in group A, the levels of CD4+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cells were significantly higher (P＜0. 05-0. 01＝ and IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and IgA were significantly lower than before treatment (all P＜0. 01＝. These levels showed no significant changes in group B after treatment (P＞0. 05). After 1-year follow-up, the times of acute outbreak and hospitalization on patients were statistically lower in group A than in group B (P＜ 0. 01 ).ConclusionsMycobacterium vaccae vaccine can improve cellular immunity function and reduce the times of acute outbreak and hospitalization in patients with stable COPD, so it has a higher clinical application value.

Frontier and evolution of cognitive neuroscience based on knowledge map analysis / 军事医学科学院院刊

Objective To analyze the frontier and evolution of cognitive neuroscience. Methods CiteSpace Ⅱ was running on Java platform. Results By analyzing the node types,such as the author\institution\country\keyword\cited reference with the tool of Information Visualization, the critical subject for reference and the focuses were quickly defined, and the basic literature and the key literature of cognitive neuroscience were specifically determined and carefully reviewed.Conclusion Keeping track of the evolution trends and significant changes will contribute to development of cognitive neuroscience.

Associations and related factors between pulse wave velocity and arterial system and augmentation index measured on different sites in a healthy population / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the associations and related factors between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial system and augmentation index (AI) measured on different sites in a healthy population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All subjects were selected from a local community investigation study which included 5116 people living in Haidian District or Daxing District, Beijing, China. A total of 729 healthy subjects [age 17 - 85 years, mean (39.2 ± 12.2) years, 413 men] were included in this study. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (CR-PWV) and carotid-ankle pulse wave velocity (CA-PWV) were measured using Complior. Pulse wave analysis at the right radial artery was measured and AI was calculated using SphygmoCor device.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CF-PWV correlated significantly with CR-PWV or CA-PWV (all P < 0.01) by both Pearson and Partial Correlation analysis adjusted by age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure and heart rate. There was no significant correlation between AI and CR-PWV (r = -0.072, P = 0.053) and between AI and CR-PWV (r = 0.024, P = 0.528), AI and CA-PWV (r = 0.068, P = 0.070) while AI was significantly correlated with CF-PWV (r = 0.110, P = 0.003). Multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that age, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were positively while female gender was negatively correlated with CF-PWV. CR-PWV was positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure and negatively correlated with pulse pressure and female gender (R(2) = 0.155). CA-PWV was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and age while negatively correlated with pulse pressure and female gender. Multiple stepwise regression analysis also demonstrated that AI was positively correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and female gender, and negatively correlated with heart rate, height and serum creatinine level(R(2) = 0.536).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CA-PWV, covering carotid-femoral arterial segment, could partially represent CF-PWV as an indicator of large arterial stiffness. CR-PWV mainly reflects peripheral muscular arterial stiffness and is not suitable to be used interchangeably with CF-PWV or CA-PWV. Component of blood pressure (systolic, diastolic or pulse pressure) may have different influences on CF-PWV, CA-PWV or CR-PWV. AI is affected by multiple factors and poorly correlated with PWV and is not a good indicator for arterial stiffness.</p>